股權(quán)層面的控制權(quán)

Control rights at the equity level

（1）掌握絕對(duì)控股和相對(duì)控股

(1) Mastering absolute and relative control

絕對(duì)控股，股份要達(dá)到67%以上，企業(yè)的決策權(quán)才掌握在創(chuàng)始人手中。在絕對(duì)控股情況下，股東有修改公司章程合并變更主營(yíng)項(xiàng)目重大決策的權(quán)力

Absolute control requires a shareholding of over 67% in order for the decision-making power of the enterprise to be in the hands of the founder. Under absolute control, shareholders have the right to modify the company's articles of association, merge and change major decisions related to the main business project

相對(duì)控股，股份要達(dá)到51%的股份。根據(jù)中國(guó)公司法和公司章程，企業(yè)的高決策機(jī)構(gòu)是股東會(huì)，股東會(huì)普通表決事項(xiàng)，需要二分之一以上多數(shù)表決權(quán)通過。而少數(shù)重大事項(xiàng)，需要三分之二以上表決權(quán)通過

Relative control requires a 51% stake. According to the Company Law and Articles of Association of China, the highest decision-making body of a company is the shareholders' meeting. Ordinary voting matters at the shareholders' meeting require more than half of the voting rights to be passed. And for a few major matters, more than two-thirds of the voting rights are required to be passed

所以一般建議創(chuàng)始人的股權(quán)占比在67%以上，掌握了控股權(quán)，就能控制股東決策，進(jìn)而控制企業(yè)

So it is generally recommended that the founder's equity proportion should be above 67%. Once they have control of the equity, they can control shareholder decisions and thus control the company

（2）投票權(quán)和股權(quán)的分離

(2) Separation of voting rights and equity

在股權(quán)設(shè)計(jì)上，股權(quán)和投票權(quán)是可以分開的，創(chuàng)始人通過設(shè)計(jì)股權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)，以小股權(quán)獲得大控制權(quán)

In terms of equity design, equity and voting rights can be separated, and founders can obtain large control through designing equity structures with small equity interests

從股東手里分離出投票權(quán)，主要有三種設(shè)計(jì)形式：

There are three main design forms for separating voting rights from shareholders:

①投票權(quán)委托

① Voting rights delegation

就是公司部分股東通過協(xié)議約定，將其投票權(quán)委托給其他特定股東（比如創(chuàng)始人）行使

It means that some shareholders of the company entrust their voting rights to other specific shareholders (such as the founder) through an agreement to exercise them

②一致行動(dòng)人

② Concerted action person

通過協(xié)議，某些股東就特定事項(xiàng)采取一致行動(dòng)。出現(xiàn)意見不一致時(shí)，其他股東跟隨一致行動(dòng)人投票

Through an agreement, certain shareholders take unanimous action on specific matters. When there is disagreement, other shareholders follow the unanimous action to vote

③AB股計(jì)劃

③ AB share plan

同股不同權(quán)，即A股每股具有一個(gè)投票權(quán)，B股每股有多票投票權(quán)（一般每股為10票）。普通股東持有A股，創(chuàng)始人持B股，來保障控制權(quán)

Same share but different rights, that is, A shares have one voting right per share, and B shares have multiple voting rights per share (usually 10 votes per share). Ordinary shareholders hold A shares, while founders hold B shares to safeguard control rights

董事會(huì)層面的控制權(quán)

Control at the board level

董事會(huì)和股東會(huì)是相對(duì)獨(dú)立的，股東沒有干預(yù)董事會(huì)經(jīng)營(yíng)決策的權(quán)力。創(chuàng)始人要注意控制董事會(huì)成員，委派利益相關(guān)的董事進(jìn)入，設(shè)立一個(gè)“受控制的董事會(huì)”。

The board of directors and the shareholders' meeting are relatively independent, and shareholders have no power to interfere with the board's business decisions. The founder should pay attention to controlling the members of the board of directors, appointing directors with relevant interests to enter, and establishing a "controlled board of directors".

感謝您的閱讀，此文的文章來源：濟(jì)南股權(quán)合伙設(shè)計(jì)更多的內(nèi)容和問題請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊：http://zhenzhush.com我們會(huì)繼續(xù)努力的為您提供服務(wù)，感謝您的支持！

Thank you for reading. The source of this article is Jinan Equity Partnership Design. For more content and questions, please click: http://zhenzhush.com We will continue to work hard to provide you with services. Thank you for your support!