股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓是指公司股東依法將自己的股份讓渡給他人，使他人成為公司股東的民事法律行為。我國《公司法》規(guī)定股東有權(quán)通過法定方式轉(zhuǎn)讓其全部股權(quán)或者部分股權(quán)。下面
濟(jì)南股權(quán)架構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)公司來講解更多關(guān)于股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓的內(nèi)容吧。
Equity transfer refers to the civil legal act of a company's shareholders transferring their shares to others in accordance with the law, making them shareholders of the company. According to the Company Law of China, shareholders have the right to transfer all or part of their equity through legal means. Below, Jinan Equity Structure Design Company will explain more about equity transfer.
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01
法律對股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓有哪些限制？
What are the legal restrictions on equity transfer?
就有限責(zé)任公司而言，股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓分為內(nèi)部轉(zhuǎn)讓和外部轉(zhuǎn)讓兩種，內(nèi)部轉(zhuǎn)讓完全自由，而外部轉(zhuǎn)讓需要經(jīng)過其他股東過半數(shù)同意，并且其他股東享有優(yōu)先購買權(quán)。此外，由于《公司法》第七十一條第四款規(guī)定“公司章程對股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓另有規(guī)定的，從其規(guī)定”，因此公司章程中如果對股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓有不違反法律強(qiáng)制性規(guī)定的特殊規(guī)定，則以公司章程規(guī)定為準(zhǔn)。
As for a limited liability company, equity transfer can be divided into two types: internal transfer and external transfer. Internal transfer is completely free, while external transfer requires the consent of more than half of the other shareholders, and other shareholders have the right of first refusal. In addition, as Article 71 (4) of the Company Law stipulates that "if there are other provisions on equity transfer in the company's articles of association, such provisions shall prevail." Therefore, if there are special provisions in the company's articles of association that do not violate mandatory legal provisions on equity transfer, the provisions of the company's articles of association shall prevail.
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股權(quán)的各項(xiàng)內(nèi)容能否分別轉(zhuǎn)讓？
Can the various contents of equity be transferred separately?
不能。如前所述，股權(quán)基于投資者對投資財(cái)產(chǎn)享有的所有權(quán)，股權(quán)的各項(xiàng)內(nèi)容是在此基礎(chǔ)上衍生出來的，不可分。
No. As mentioned earlier, equity is based on investors' ownership of investment assets, and the various contents of equity are derived from this foundation and cannot be divided.
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股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓有哪些方式？
What are the methods of equity transfer?
股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓可以分為直接轉(zhuǎn)讓和間接轉(zhuǎn)讓。
Equity transfer can be divided into direct transfer and indirect transfer.
直接轉(zhuǎn)讓是指出讓人將屬于自己的股權(quán)直接轉(zhuǎn)讓給受讓人；間接轉(zhuǎn)讓是指出讓人讓與股權(quán)并非通過雙方意思表示一致的方式轉(zhuǎn)讓，包括繼承、公司合并等情況。
Direct transfer refers to the direct transfer of one's own equity by the transferor to the transferee; Indirect transfer refers to the transfer of equity transferred by the transferor, including inheritance, company merger, etc., which is not through the declaration of will of both parties.
直接轉(zhuǎn)讓和間接轉(zhuǎn)讓的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義在于，部分股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓交易如果從直接轉(zhuǎn)讓變成間接轉(zhuǎn)讓可以實(shí)現(xiàn)避稅的效果。
The practical significance of direct transfer and indirect transfer lies in the fact that some equity transfer transactions can achieve tax avoidance if they change from direct transfer to indirect transfer.
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04
股東轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán)后能否要求行使原知情權(quán)？
Can shareholders request to exercise their original right to know after transferring their equity?
不能。知情權(quán)是股東享有對公司經(jīng)營管理等重要情況或信息真實(shí)了解和掌握的權(quán)利，股東在股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓后不能要求公司向其透露其擁有股權(quán)期間的經(jīng)營管理狀況。上海高院即明確規(guī)定股東權(quán)利不能與其股東身份相分離，股東退出公司喪失了股東身份，不再對公司享有股東權(quán)，故其請求對公司行使知情權(quán)的權(quán)利也隨之喪失。
No. The right to know is the right of shareholders to have a true understanding and mastery of important information such as the company's operations and management. After the transfer of equity, shareholders cannot require the company to disclose their operating and management status during the period of ownership. The Shanghai High Court clearly stipulates that shareholder rights cannot be separated from their shareholder identity. Shareholders who withdraw from the company lose their shareholder identity and no longer have shareholder rights over the company. Therefore, their right to request the exercise of the right to know about the company is also lost.
事實(shí)上，如果允許原股東繼續(xù)對公司行使知情權(quán)，將對公司的正常經(jīng)營造成不利影響，甚至導(dǎo)致公司商業(yè)秘密外泄。
In fact, if the original shareholders are allowed to continue exercising their right to know about the company, it will have a negative impact on the normal operation of the company and even lead to the leakage of company trade secrets.
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股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓后股東能否請求其持股期間公司盈利的分紅？
Can shareholders request dividends from the company's profits during their shareholding period after the equity transfer?
根據(jù)具體情況而定。
It depends on the specific situation.
如果在股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓前公司股東會已經(jīng)表決通過股利分配方案，只是沒有落實(shí)，由于股利分配方案通過后股東對股利就享有獨(dú)立于股權(quán)的債權(quán)請求權(quán)，出讓人即使轉(zhuǎn)讓了股權(quán)也可以請求該分紅；如果股利分配方案是在股權(quán)出讓后通過的，由于分紅收益權(quán)依附于股權(quán)，則出讓人無權(quán)請求該分紅。
If the shareholders' meeting of the company has already voted to approve the dividend distribution plan before the equity transfer, but it has not been implemented, and since the shareholders have an independent claim on the dividend after the dividend distribution plan is approved, the transferor can request the dividend even if the equity is transferred; If the dividend distribution plan is approved after the transfer of equity, as the dividend income right is attached to the equity, the transferor has no right to request the dividend.
當(dāng)然，如果出讓人與受讓人在股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓協(xié)議中對原持股期間的公司盈利分紅有特別約定的，從該約定。
Of course, if there is a special agreement between the transferor and the transferee in the equity transfer agreement regarding the company's profits and dividends during the original shareholding period, such agreement shall prevail.
That's all for the information on equity transfer. I hope it can be of great help to you. For more information, please come to our website http://zhenzhush.com consulting service
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