在上一節(jié)，我們粗略地提到過認(rèn)繳制和實(shí)繳制，對于初創(chuàng)企業(yè)來說，把這兩個概念分清楚，并選擇適合自己企業(yè)的制度是初創(chuàng)企業(yè)必須做的事情。

In the previous section, we roughly mentioned the subscribed and paid up systems. For startups, it is necessary to distinguish these two concepts and choose a system that suits their own business.

（1）關(guān)于認(rèn)繳制、實(shí)繳制。

(1) Regarding the subscribed and paid in systems.

《公司法》在2013年進(jìn)行了改革，以前的注冊資本是實(shí)繳登記制，現(xiàn)在是認(rèn)繳登記制。實(shí)繳登記制，即公司成立，股東繳納注冊資本時(shí)，需出具驗(yàn)資報(bào)告，且實(shí)繳的注冊資本不能低于全部注冊資本的20%，剩余的注冊資本，必須在兩年之內(nèi)全部繳清，同時(shí)要求股東的貨幣出資比例，不能低于股東全部注冊資本的30%。所謂認(rèn)繳登記制，即市場監(jiān)督管理局的營業(yè)執(zhí)照只登記公司所有股東認(rèn)繳的注冊資本總額，不強(qiáng)制要求提交驗(yàn)資報(bào)告，取消了實(shí)繳制中投資人需出資達(dá)企業(yè)全部資本的20%、剩余認(rèn)繳出資兩年之內(nèi)必須繳清的規(guī)定，也取消了貨幣出資不能低于30%的規(guī)定。關(guān)于出資的時(shí)間，可以讓股東在章程中和投資人約定好，理論上，即使寫100年也是可以的。

The Company Law was reformed in 2013. Previously, the registered capital was based on paid in registration, but now it is based on subscribed registration. The paid up registration system refers to the requirement that when a company is established and shareholders pay their registered capital, a capital verification report must be issued, and the paid up registered capital must not be less than 20% of the total registered capital. The remaining registered capital must be fully paid up within two years, and the monetary contribution ratio of shareholders must not be less than 30% of the total registered capital of shareholders. The so-called subscribed registration system refers to the business license of the Market Supervision and Administration Bureau only registering the total registered capital subscribed by all shareholders of the company, without requiring the submission of a capital verification report. It eliminates the requirement that investors must contribute up to 20% of the total capital of the enterprise and the remaining subscribed capital must be paid in full within two years, as well as the requirement that monetary capital cannot be less than 30%. Regarding the timing of capital contribution, shareholders can agree with investors in the articles of association. In theory, even if it is written as 100 years, it is still acceptable.

（2）認(rèn)繳制下注冊資本是否越多越好。

(2) Is it better to have more registered capital under the subscription system.

雖然認(rèn)繳制中的注冊資本跟公司實(shí)力、資信狀況無關(guān)，但并不意味著注冊資本可以任意寫，也不意味著認(rèn)繳注冊資本可以不用繳納。只是由原來規(guī)定的兩年之內(nèi)繳清，變?yōu)楣蓶|在章程里自由約定何時(shí)繳付，時(shí)間可以約定為10年、20年，甚至更長的100年。

Although the registered capital in the subscription system is not related to the company's strength and credit status, it does not mean that the registered capital can be written arbitrarily, nor does it mean that the subscribed registered capital can be exempted from payment. It's just that the original requirement of paying within two years has changed to shareholders freely agreeing on when to pay in the articles of association, which can be agreed upon for 10, 20, or even longer periods of 100 years.

企業(yè)有認(rèn)繳注冊資本的補(bǔ)齊義務(wù)。在公司清算或者解散時(shí)，對于認(rèn)繳而未實(shí)繳的注冊資本，股東應(yīng)按其認(rèn)繳的注冊資本進(jìn)行補(bǔ)齊。

Enterprises have the obligation to make up for the subscribed registered capital. During the liquidation or dissolution of the company, shareholders shall make up for the subscribed but unpaid registered capital according to the subscribed registered capital.

（3）認(rèn)繳的注冊資本越大，股東的責(zé)任越大。

(3) The larger the subscribed registered capital, the greater the responsibility of shareholders.

股東以認(rèn)繳的公司注冊資本的額度為限，依法承擔(dān)公司的債務(wù)和責(zé)任。公司的注冊資本越多，股東需要認(rèn)繳的注冊資本就越多，所承擔(dān)的公司債務(wù)和責(zé)任就越沉重。

Shareholders shall bear the company's debts and liabilities in accordance with the law, up to the amount of subscribed registered capital. The more registered capital a company has, the more registered capital shareholders need to subscribe, and the heavier the company's debts and responsibilities they bear.

（4）股東分紅一般按實(shí)繳分紅而非認(rèn)繳分紅。

(4) Shareholder dividends are generally based on actual paid dividends rather than subscribed dividends.

《公司法》的一般原則，股東按照實(shí)繳的出資比例享有股東權(quán)益，即使股東認(rèn)繳數(shù)額較大的注冊資本，但如果沒有實(shí)繳，就會影響到他的股東權(quán)益，包括分紅權(quán)、表決權(quán)，以及剩余財(cái)產(chǎn)分配權(quán)等。只有一個例外，就是法律規(guī)定如果股東之前有約定，那么股東分紅按照其約定執(zhí)行。

The general principle of the Company Law is that shareholders enjoy shareholder rights in proportion to their actual contributions. Even if a shareholder subscribes to a larger amount of registered capital, if it is not actually paid in, it will affect their shareholder rights, including dividend rights, voting rights, and residual property distribution rights. There is only one exception, which is that the law stipulates that if shareholders have previously agreed, shareholder dividends shall be executed according to their agreement.

（5）根據(jù)不同的投資類型決定注冊資本的多少。

(5) Determine the amount of registered capital based on different investment types.

根據(jù)股東的實(shí)力及公司的實(shí)際需求而定，量力而行。如股東有50萬元，公司剛好需要50萬元，則把注冊資本做成50萬元，而非500萬元。如果法律對公司注冊資本或?qū)嵗U注冊資本有特別要求的，則另當(dāng)別論。

Based on the strength of shareholders and the actual needs of the company, we will act within our capabilities. If the shareholder has 500000 yuan and the company needs 500000 yuan, the registered capital should be converted to 500000 yuan instead of 5 million yuan. If the law has special requirements for the registered capital or paid up registered capital of a company, then it is a different matter.

投資人的投資。像前面舉過的例子，前期公司注冊資本過小，后期有大額投資進(jìn)來時(shí)的處理方法，因?yàn)榍懊嬉呀?jīng)講過，這里就不再細(xì)說。

Investment by investors. As mentioned earlier, when the registered capital of a company is too small in the early stage and there is a large investment in the later stage, the handling method will not be elaborated here because it has already been discussed earlier.

無形資產(chǎn)的投資。法律允許股東以專有技術(shù)、專利等無形資產(chǎn)出資，但必須對股東用于出資的無形資產(chǎn)進(jìn)行評估，并依法將相關(guān)無形資產(chǎn)的所有權(quán)人變更為公司后，即視為完成實(shí)繳注冊資本的義務(wù)。

Investment in intangible assets. The law allows shareholders to contribute intangible assets such as proprietary technology and patents, but it is necessary to evaluate the intangible assets used by shareholders for contribution and change the ownership of the relevant intangible assets to the company in accordance with the law, which is considered to fulfill the obligation to pay up the registered capital.