站在創(chuàng)始人的角度，要讓其不違初衷的為企業(yè)服務(wù)，前提條件是創(chuàng)始人要始終對企業(yè)有足夠的控制權(quán)。正如前面所提到的，在創(chuàng)業(yè)初期，創(chuàng)始人所占股權(quán)比例應(yīng)該較大，最好是一股獨(dú)大，達(dá)到既能對企業(yè)絕對控制，又不至于顯失公平的程度。

From the perspective of the founder, it is necessary to ensure that they do not violate their original intention to serve the enterprise, provided that the founder always has sufficient control over the enterprise. As mentioned earlier, in the early stages of entrepreneurship, the founder should hold a relatively large proportion of equity, preferably as a sole shareholder, to achieve a degree of absolute control over the enterprise without appearing unfair.

當(dāng)然，創(chuàng)始人在初期擁有的大股在之后是最有可能會被稀釋的。比如在實(shí)踐中，大部分企業(yè)用于員工激勵的股權(quán)都先由創(chuàng)始人代持，還有在遇到急需引進(jìn)對企業(yè)至關(guān)重要的資源時，也很可能需要用股權(quán)兌換，這時也是由創(chuàng)始人讓出股份的可能最大。

Of course, the large shares owned by the founder in the early stages are most likely to be diluted later on. For example, in practice, most companies use equity for employee incentives to be held by the founder first. In addition, when there is an urgent need to introduce resources that are crucial to the company, it is also possible to exchange equity, and the founder is the most likely to relinquish the shares.

并且，在初期，股權(quán)份額可以由創(chuàng)始人和合伙人商量而定，但是隨著企業(yè)的發(fā)展，經(jīng)過幾輪融資之后，股權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化也許就不是由創(chuàng)始人說了就算的了。所以，我們還需要提前做好措施，來維護(hù)創(chuàng)始人對企業(yè)的控制權(quán)。

Moreover, in the early stages, the equity share can be determined through consultation between the founder and partners, but as the company develops, after several rounds of financing, changes in the equity structure may not be solely determined by the founder. So, we also need to take measures in advance to maintain the founder's control over the company.

實(shí)現(xiàn)控制權(quán)最直接有效的方法是股權(quán)控制。前面提到的設(shè)置二元股權(quán)架構(gòu)就能派上用場：讓創(chuàng)始人或創(chuàng)始團(tuán)隊擁有更多具有高表決權(quán)的股票，而其他對企業(yè)決策起不到大作用的人獲得更多低表決權(quán)的股票，來實(shí)現(xiàn)對企業(yè)的控制；如果企業(yè)不想要設(shè)置二元股權(quán)的形式，尤其是有限責(zé)任公司，可以直接在公司章程里約定創(chuàng)始人的每一股股權(quán)擁有多個表決權(quán)（譬如10個），這樣能夠大大地增加創(chuàng)始股東在股東會的表決權(quán)利；

The most direct and effective way to achieve control is through equity control. The dual equity structure mentioned earlier can come in handy: allowing founders or founding teams to own more stocks with high voting rights, while others who do not play a significant role in corporate decision-making can obtain more stocks with low voting rights to achieve control over the enterprise; If a company does not want to establish a dual equity form, especially a limited liability company, it can directly stipulate in the company's articles of association that each share of the founder's equity has multiple voting rights (such as 10), which can greatly increase the voting rights of the founding shareholders in the shareholders' meeting;

除此之外，創(chuàng)始人（或是創(chuàng)始團(tuán)隊）還可以通過投票權(quán)委托、一致行動人，或者是設(shè)置持股實(shí)體來持有小股東所持有的股權(quán)等方法來維護(hù)創(chuàng)始人對企業(yè)的控制。

In addition, founders (or founding teams) can also maintain their control over the company through methods such as voting rights delegation, concerted action by individuals, or setting up shareholding entities to hold the equity held by minority shareholders.

（1）投票權(quán)委托：

(1) Voting rights delegation:

讓其他的小股東簽署授權(quán)委托書，將公司所持有的表決權(quán)授予給創(chuàng)始人，并且，最好是約定委托的表決權(quán)不可注銷的，或者約定一個比較長的授權(quán)期限。

Have other minority shareholders sign a power of attorney to grant the voting rights held by the company to the founder, preferably by agreeing that the delegated voting rights cannot be cancelled or by agreeing on a longer authorization period.

（2）一致行動人：

(2) Unified action person:

創(chuàng)始股東跟創(chuàng)始團(tuán)隊的其他小股東一起簽署一致行動協(xié)議，就公司的事項進(jìn)行表決的時候依照統(tǒng)一的意志去表決，其他的股東與創(chuàng)始股東意見不一致的時候，按照創(chuàng)始股東意志進(jìn)行表決。

The founding shareholders and other minority shareholders of the founding team sign a unanimous action agreement, and when voting on company matters, they will vote according to a unified will. When other shareholders have different opinions from the founding shareholders, they will vote according to the will of the founding shareholders.

（3）設(shè)置一個持股實(shí)體來持有小股東所持有的股權(quán)：

(3) Set up a shareholding entity to hold the equity held by minority shareholders:

小股東都是通過持股實(shí)體間接地區(qū)持有公司的股權(quán)，同時持股實(shí)體所對應(yīng)的表決權(quán)是由創(chuàng)始股東來控制的，創(chuàng)始股東除了能行使他自己所持有的股權(quán)所對應(yīng)的表決權(quán)之外，還可以行使持股實(shí)體有的公司股權(quán)所代表的表決權(quán)。

Small shareholders indirectly hold the equity of the company through the holding entity, and the voting rights corresponding to the holding entity are controlled by the founding shareholders. In addition to exercising the voting rights corresponding to their own equity, the founding shareholders can also exercise the voting rights represented by the company's equity held by the holding entity.

持股實(shí)體的形式有兩種：

There are two forms of shareholding entities:

一種是有限責(zé)任公司，一股將創(chuàng)始股東設(shè)為這個公司的法定代表人，唯一的董事、經(jīng)理，這樣的話這個有限責(zé)任公司就由創(chuàng)始人實(shí)際控制，因此這個持股實(shí)體所代表的表決權(quán)就由這個創(chuàng)始股東實(shí)際控制。

One type is a limited liability company, in which the founding shareholder is appointed as the legal representative, sole director, and manager of the company. In this way, the limited liability company is actually controlled by the founder, and the voting rights represented by the shareholding entity are actually controlled by the founding shareholder.

另外一種是有限合伙企業(yè)，創(chuàng)始人股東要作為有限合伙企業(yè)的普通合伙人（GP），其他股東為有限合伙人（LP）。有限合伙企業(yè)是由普通合伙人來控制的，有限合伙人是不能參與有限合伙的經(jīng)營管理和決策的，因此創(chuàng)始股東也就控制了這個有限合伙企業(yè)所持有的目標(biāo)公司的表決權(quán)。

Another type is limited partnership enterprises, where the founder shareholders are the general partners (GP) of the limited partnership enterprise, and the other shareholders are limited partners (LP). Limited partnership enterprises are controlled by general partners, and limited partners cannot participate in the management and decision-making of limited partnerships. Therefore, the founding shareholders also control the voting rights of the target company held by this limited partnership enterprise.

除了用積極主動的增加創(chuàng)始人在公司的控制權(quán)的方法外，還可以通過賦予創(chuàng)始人對一些重大事項的否決權(quán)，重大事項包括合并、分立、解散、公司融資、公司上市、公司的年度預(yù)算結(jié)算、公司重大資產(chǎn)的出售、公司的審計、重大人士任免、董事會變更等等，有了否決權(quán)，即使創(chuàng)始人的股權(quán)低于50%，在公司的股東會層面做決定的時候，沒有他的同意表決也不能通過，起到一個防御性的作用。

In addition to actively increasing the founder's control over the company, it is also possible to grant the founder veto power over major issues such as mergers, divisions, dissolution, company financing, company listing, annual budget settlement, sale of major assets, company auditing, appointment and removal of significant personnel, board changes, etc. With veto power, even if the founder's equity is less than 50%, decisions cannot be made at the company's shareholders' meeting without their consent and vote, serving a defensive role.

把投資人和創(chuàng)始人這兩塊蛋糕分好后，第二步是分合伙人和員工的股權(quán)，也就是股權(quán)激勵制度，考慮讓哪些合伙人和員工分得股權(quán)，分得股權(quán)的份額又是多少？

After dividing the cake between investors and founders, the second step is to divide the equity of partners and employees, which is the equity incentive system. Consider which partners and employees will receive the equity, and what is the share of the equity?